Use of Native American Mascots is NOT Racist Essay

Issue of whether to keep Mascots in schools or not, started in late 1970’s and from then this debate is going on. Most of the schools have Indian Mascots in place for half a century and suddenly it become problem to use Indian Mascots. Over 500 Native American organizations also announced their support for the removal of those mascots and over 1200 schools across the United States have changed the name of their sports teams and some school refused to play with those schools using Indian mascots. But some school still think that using mascots are just paying homage to the Native peoples and it’s just another group claiming to be offended. Sports teams used those mascots to promote their team’s athletic powers, like wolf, lion and eagle†¦show more content†¦All over the world people use mascots to represent something. I think using Indian mascots is not a big issue. Those mascots have been used to represent their power and strength. I couldn’t see a single element in using mascot can be disgraceful to somebody’s culture. Actually in my view it’s the best way of paying homage to somebody. It’s really a surprising that Indian Native organizations are also becoming sensitive about this issue. I have never come across a single person who ever describe that this mascot means something bad about something. Mascots always used to represent qualities of different things. What had happened with them century ago that was their fault. In my view Indians didn’t try to be part of new advancement which British brought with them and that was their fault. Even now if any nation is technically or by any means is strong or advance, that will certainly rule the others, if others want to survive they have to mold themselves with the new advancements. That was really great that Indian’s were proud of their culture that they knew how to live with nature and they tried to live with that. But Like Amash people here they are strongly committed to their customs and culture but they know if they won’t mold some of their living customs then there will be very difficult for them to survive, this is was the point that Indians didn’t realize at that moment. Indian instead of adopting themselves with new advancement they have

Ford Motor Company and Ambition Free Essays

Dusty Bowles Mrs. Farmer English 102 10 September 2010 Ambitions As I started out to write a paper based on ambition I had to question myself what ambition really was. What makes people get that extra push to be ambitious, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of being an ambitious person? At first, I must admit it was very difficult to comprehend. We will write a custom essay sample on Ford Motor Company and Ambition or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the American Heritage dictionary it states that ambition comes from the Middle English word â€Å"ambicioun,† meaning â€Å"excessive desire for honor, power, or wealth. † After reading this meaning I understood what was stated, but it still did not make a clear meaning to me what ambition was. I have found that after reading a quote by Henry Ford my understanding started to all come together. Henry Ford once quoted, â€Å"Whether you think you can or can’t, you’re right. † This quote in itself explains to me that it is a self motivated decision made by one individual. It is ambition that makes us think we can be successful, and lack of ambition that makes us think that we cannot. Many people have different ambitions in life so the word ambition would have different meanings depending on which you ask and how one defines it. An ambition is an eager, and sometimes an inordinate desire for honor, superiority, leading power, or the attainment to seek a goal that is immensely desired. Ambition is something that anyone, no matter his or her age or cultural background has instinctively. Ambition can push towards a driven force for success or in altering views a road to failure. Without an ambition we, human beings, have no purpose to be self driven individuals. Ambition in other words is that motive force needed to propel all to work towards our cherished goals in which we set. Ambition is the explosive inner force that has led many people from all walks of life to make a new path, set a new vision. Ambitious people are those with the hopes of one day conquering their ambition. Ambitious people are confident and because of this, they feel there is nothing that they cannot accomplish. There are many people from many different parts of life that have had ambitions and accomplished them. For example, Donald Trump is someone I admire and is a very ambitious person in my book. Trump is listed as number 33 on the Forbes Top 100 list. Trump did not start out as successful as he is today. Back in Trump’s prime he set ambitions to achieve for what today we call his success. Trump started out going to school and got a degree in â€Å"Bachelor of Science in Economics with concentration in Finance. † School was just the start of Trumps ambitions to learn more, today he is a very successful business executive and entrepreneur. Donald Trump is someone that I respect and gives me that extra push when reading his autobiography. Being able to know that ambitions all start out as a dream until someone makes them a reality makes the possibilities endless. Ambitions can be as easy as a thought away from what the actual turnout can be. To me ambition is a burning desire to achieve ones goals or succeed. Ambition in my theory is related to dedication, motivation, and time. At my age, twenty years young I have many ambitions to achieve in a set period of time. For starters my education, I would like to complete my Bachelors in Marketing with a minor in Finance within the next four years. Time motivates me to achieve my ambitions because I strive to be well accomplished by the age of twenty-five. Ambitions are a big part of my young adult life because I would like to accomplish a lot of things before I get older. Without ambition I cannot achieve a greater milestone in my walk. Everyone has a chance to tell you their own personal story based on their walk. Without ambitions one cannot achieve a greater tomorrow. Understanding the limitations and compromises that come with obtaining any ambition is overwhelming. Putting forth and obtaining an ambition is self constructed. With hard work, experience, and overall self control, ambitions are not too far out of reach for any person to grasp. Any one person can achieve their ambitions if they set their mind to it and that gives me the reassurance that I can make it. Depending on whom you ask lets us knows the trials and tribulations one goes through while accomplishing their ambitions. After reading Donald Trumps story and the simple quote by Henry Ford that turned the light bulb in my head on, my understating of ambitions became clear. Ambitions can all be the same or they can all be different. Everyone has their own ambition and how to accomplish them. If one has ambition, one can achieve any goal. Works Cited â€Å"Ambition | Define Ambition at Dictionary. com. †Ã‚  Dictionary. com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary. om. Web. 10 Sept. 2010. . â€Å"Donald Trump: Biography from Answers. com. †Ã‚  Answers. com: Wiki QA Combined with Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Encyclopedias. Web. 10 Sept. 2010. . â€Å"#33 Donald Trump – Forbes. com. †Ã‚  Forbes. com – Business News, Financial News, Stock Market Analysis, Technology Global Headline News. Web. 10 Sept. 2010. . Google, By. â€Å"†Whether You Think You Can or Can’t, You’re Right†Ã¢â‚¬â€œHenry Ford |Strategic Business Lawyer. †Ã‚  Small Business Advice from the Champions of Small Business. 23 Jan. 2006. Web. 10 Sept. 2010. . How to cite Ford Motor Company and Ambition, Papers

Aurecon Singapore External Environment-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a business report regarding Aurecon Singapore's external environment and internal environment. Answer: Introduction Strategic analysis is a process that is used to evaluate the external and internal environment of a company. It is a significant process in the growth and expansion of company. For a company, it is very important to consider its major factors such as; market opportunities, possible customers, needs and demands of customers, market size and organizational capability to capture the market share in the industry (Zott, Amit, and Massa, 2012). In the report, the organization that is taken into consideration is Aurecon Consultancy in Singapore. The engineers at this consultancy utilize their engineering knowledge and expertise to give design, advisory and asset management services to implement ideas to their own life. This report includes external and internal environmental analysis of Aurecon Singapore Organization by using different frameworks such as Porters five forces analysis, PESTLE analysis, VUCA framework, Value chain analysis, VRIO framework etc. Furthermore, it analyzes challeng es and problems of company by conducting SWOT Analysis. Company Description Aurecon Group Brand Limited is a Singaporean Organization that offers engineering services. This company provides a wide range of management and engineering services like; surveying, planning, scientific, environmental, advisory and project management services to transportation, government, energy, water and defense sectors. The engineers at Aurecon have an expertise on asset management, infrastructure and business advisory, community planning, environment planning and building structures (Aurecon, 2018). Currently, it is serving both public and private sector businesses in Australia, Asia Pacific, Africa, New Zealand and Middle East. By offering effective consultancy services, the organization is able to enhance its brand image in Singaporean Industry. External Organizational Analysis PESTLE framework PESTLE analysis is a significant framework, which is used to analyze external environment and its factors. It includes various factors such as; political, economic, social, technology, legal and environmental factors. Singapore is one of the emerging countries in technology and business, which have large impact on development and implementation of functional and operational activities. The industries in country are continuously growing and have positive effect on technology advancement (Ho, 2014). It can be stated about this country that it is profitable to operate business in Singapore. PESTLE Analysis of Aurecon Singapore is stated below; Political Factors In Singapore, political risk is very low, so it is profitable to run business in its political environment. According to the Political and Economic Risk Consultancy, this nation has the lowest political risk. With the increase in political stability, there is a growth in the business opportunities in trade. Aurecon organization has various business opportunities in the country. Politics in Singapore is a combination of bureaucracy and democracy. As it is providing advisory services to asset management and construction projects, so it needs to obtain documentation and permits from government authorities. Aurecon consultancy needs to evaluate all the imposed norms and regulations of country, so that it can advise other businesses and projects. The country has significant anti-corruption policies, which have attracted foreign direct investment in different industries. Due to this, Aurecon Company is able to give enough salaries to its engineers and other professionals (Aurecon, 2018). Economic Factors Economy of Singapore is one of the best economies in the world. In this country, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is continuously enhancing since its independence. The economy of this country is highly dependent on information technology, electronics and exports. This is a good indicator for the consultancy business of Aurecon Organization. Government is attracting foreign direct investment in education, pharmaceuticals and medical industry. Due to this, Aurecon has enough resources and expertise to provide the solutions and advice to construction and building structuring organizations (Ministry of Trade and Industry, 2017). One of the major challenges for the company is that it has higher cost of accessing materials and related literature. Social Factors The population in Singapore is continuously increasing every year and total population in 2016 is 5.607 million. The country is on second rank in the list of most densely populated nation in the world. In this country, literacy rate is 92% of its total population. It is due to free education policy of government and people are highly educated (Grant, 2016). This is the major reason that Aurecon Organization may have highly educated and qualitative team and experts for providing advice and solutions. In addition to this, the country has a powerful social system that provides social benefits to its people. Thus, the engineers at Aurecon are working with higher motivation and engagement because they are getting appropriate salary for their contribution to the organization. Technology Factors As discussed above, the major exports of Singapore are technological and electronic products that indicate that this country is enjoying a good reputation for developing new and innovative technologies. The emergence of internet services, information technology, online communities, search engines, computer-based business across the world with other brands have made Aurecon Consultancy able to expand its business in developed countries. The organization in the country is facing some technological challenges such as; lack of power supply, infrastructural facilities, road and rail transportation and cost of manufacturing and production (Barney, 2014). Legal Factors The government and bodies in the country have imposed strict rules and legislation for operating business. They believe that growth of country is dependent on favorable and transparent legislations. Aurecon Singapore needs to follow some legislations and ethical standards, while providing advisory services to other businesses. The country has introduced some e-commerce initiatives, which are beneficial for Aurecons business. However, it is good to follow laws and regulations, but they are quite strict in Singapore. Environmental Factors The environmental factors like climate changes and weather in Singapore are favorable consulting business of Aurecon (Hill, Jones, and Schilling, 2014). The temperature of country is manageable and it does not cause any major disruption to consultants work. Apart from this, environmental pollution can create issues for the company. The organization needs to communicate through e-mails with their clients, which will reduce the paper wastage and keep the environment clean. VUCA framework VUCA framework is another analysis that can be used for analyzing external environment for an organization. This is the acronym, which is used to define the volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity of general situations and conditions in the market (Lemoine, Hackett, and Richardson, 2017). VUCA Analysis Aurecon Group Brand Limited is stated below; Volatility The first component of this framework is volatility that indicates the dynamics and nature of change and impact of change forces on organization. There are various factors, which are volatile for Aurecon Singapore like; economic environment, pricing volatility, infrastructural facilities, changes in market trends and customer preferences. Aurecon is making efforts to respond these changes by working with different clientele to assist the digitization of infrastructure (Codreanu, 2016). Uncertainty Uncertainty is the component of VUCA analysis that refers to the lack of expectedness, specific information and sense of awareness and consideration of issues. Working as an engineering advisory consultancy is very new concept and there are so many people, who are not aware about this. In the future, Aurecon Organization may face the factors like; economic factors, changes in the laws and regulations, costs of literature and other related materials, changes in the policies etc. In Singapore consulting industry, it is difficult to predict these factors for Aurecon Organization (Kotlar, Armstrong, 2012). Complexity Complexity includes number of factors and their relationships. It refers to the factors which businesses need to implement a non-linear method to resolve the issues and think differently. Under complexity, Aurecon may face the issues while operating business different countries, i.e. Australia, Asia Pacific, Africa, New Zealand and Middle East. The company has to operate the business in different country with unique laws and regulations, cultural values and tariffs. Ambiguity The final aspect of VUCA Framework is ambiguity that refers to the quality of staying open to more than one interpretation. It states that issues, which cannot be reduced or eliminated. Aurecon Singapore is planning to diversify its products and services in emerging markets, which are not clear to the organization. The company is going beyond its core services and competencies (Kotler, 2015). Porters 5 forces Analysis Porters 5 Forces analysis is a strategic model, which is used to analyze the industrial environment for a company. There are five forces under this model, which affect the organization in a specific industry. Porters 5 forces analysis for Aurecon Singapore is given below; Industry Rivalry (High) However, establishing an engineering consultancy is a new concept, but now this industry has grown significantly. By analyzing the external environment in Australia, it can be stated that there are several companies, which are providing engineering and management services to different sectors like; government, transportation, water, defense etc. The major competitors of the company are such as; Arup Group, SMEC Holdings Limited, Black Veatch and GHD Pty Ltd. Thus, the level of competition is very high for Aurecon Singapore Organization (Dobbs, 2014). Bargaining Power of Buyers (Low) Despite of high industry rivalry, the bargaining power of buyers is low in Singaporean consulting industry. The major reason is that there is an increase in the demand of engineering and management services as the needs for these services have been increased. There are different customers from different sectors. Aurecon Organization needs to become unique in order to provide services and attract a large customer base towards its consultancy services. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Low) In Singapore consulting industry, the bargaining power of suppliers is comparatively low. There are many suppliers of primary inputs like information technology and human resources. In the Singapore country, employment rate is higher. There are many experienced and highly qualified engineers. The country has a large demand for consultancy services and now company profit is improving from economic recession (Lpez-Gamero, and Molina-Azorn, 2016). Threats of New Entrants (Moderate) This industry in Singapore is open only for the new entrants, who can survive in highly competitive environment. There are so many domestic and international brands, which have already established their business in this country and neighboring countries. Thus, the competing brands including Aurecon are creating barriers to entry for new entrants in consulting industry. Threat of Substitutes (Low) There are very few substitutes, which are available for engineering and management consulting services form other sectors. These sectors are such as; educational institutions, colleges, research institutes and government sources. However, needs and preferences of buyers are increasing towards the services of consulting firms like Aurecon Singapore. The services of these consultancies are unique and better from other substitutes (PRNewswire, 2017). Internal Organizational Analysis VRIO framework VRIO framework is a significant model for analyzing internal environment of an organization. It evaluates different characteristics of its resources and capabilities, like Valuable, Rare, Inimitable and Organization. VRIO analysis for Aurecon Singapore is stated below; Human Resources Valuable Rare Inimitable Organization Competitive Advantage Engineers and management experts Marketing and Sales team Huge Team Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No ----- Yes Yes Yes Sustainable advantage Temporary Uniformity Intangible Resources Valuable Rare Inimitable Organization Competitive advantage Tools and processes Patents Consultancy Research Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Temporary Sustainable Temporary Relational Capital Valuable Rare Inimitable Organization Competitive advantage Global Presence Strong Industrial presence Brand Image Large Customer base Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Temporary Temporary Sustainable Sustainable Capabilities Valuable Rare Inimitable Organization Competitive Advantage Financial capabilities Training and development centres Ability to implement new projects International expansion model Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes ----- No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Sustainable advantage Uniformity Temporary Temporary Valuable From the above table of VRIO analysis, it can be said that resources and capabilities of organization are valuable if they assist organization in creating value and competitive advantage. The tale shows that all of Aurecons resources are valuable for the company and they are assisting organization in sustainable competitive advantage in Singaporean Consulting Industry. Rare This characteristic of VRIO analysis indicates that how limited and rare the capabilities and resources of an organization are. At Aurecon, all resources and capabilities are rare except huge workforce and training and development centers. The resources are assisting the organization in gaining competitive advantage over its competitors (Lin, and Tsai, 2016). Inimitable Inimitability of the resources and capabilities indicates their expensiveness to imitate. Aurecon Singapore possesses various resources and capabilities, which cannot be imitated by other players in the industry. Patents and human resources are the major resources, which cannot be copied by other consultancies in Singapore. They need to hire their own management and engineering experts. Organization This component of VRIO analysis states whether the organization and its resources are organized in an effective way. In the case of Aurecon Singapore, it can be stated that it has organized all of its resources and capabilities, which will assist the organization in capturing a significant market share over its competitors in the industry (Rothaermel, 2015). Value Chain Analysis Value chain analysis is a framework that is used to evaluate the internal activities and processes of an organization. The major objective of this model is to identify the valuable activities of company. It includes both primary and secondary activities of organization. Value Chain Analysis of Aurecon Singapore is given below; Primary Activities Inbound Logistics Under value chain framework, these are the activities, which are related to logistics and supply of personnel and human resources to Aurecon Singapore. For effective supply of management and engineering experts, Aurecon is partnering with different job consultancies and employment agencies. These agencies are supplying experienced and trained human resources from engineering and management expertise. It is using cost effective way for generating pool of candidates towards its services (Mudambi, and Puck, 2016). Operations With the increase in the demand of consultancy services, Aurecon Singapore is establishing its operations in an effective way. The organization has years of experience in the design, planning and construction supervision of buildings, airports etc. The businesses from different sectors can contact to the companys experts and it provides them services through e-mail and physically. Marketing and Sales Aurecon Singapore focuses on its marketing and sales processes. The organization has created a marketing team, which develops and implements the marketing and communication plans, which enhances its brand reputation and relationships, which support sales strategies of consultancy. It is assisting the organization in generating customers to utilize Aurecons services. Outbound Logistics Outbound Logistics is the process, how the organization delivers its products and services to final customers. However, Aurecon Organization is a consultancy service provider, so it should focus on enhancing the communication skills of engineers (Saleh, and Watson, 2017). The engineers should be trained properly, so that they can deal with the customers properly. Services Service is the primary activity of a business that is offered by it and increase the value of products and services. Aurecon offers a variety of management and engineering services like; surveying, planning, scientific, environmental, advisory and project management services to transportation, government, energy, water and defense sectors. It offers its services in effective manner, so that it can retain its existing customers and create new customers. Secondary Activities Infrastructure Infrastructure refers to the structure of an organization and its management, processes and planning. Aurecon Organization has developed its infrastructure by developing a systematic organizational structure. As it offers services to different departments, so it has categorized the engineers and other professionals according to their expertise. It is continuously emphasizing to expand its infrastructure to support its revenues and profits (Too, and Bird, 2018). Human Resources Human resources include different activities of recruiting and retaining the employees to provide the services to customers. Aurecon Singapore has years of experience in developing an effective team of engineers and other experts, which are providing solutions to different sectors. It has a multi-disciplinary team that includes specialist engineers, planners, project managers, and airport and facility planners. The organization has trained its human resources to deliver the world class services, which satisfy the needs of public and private sector businesses. Technology Aurecon Singapore focuses on utilization and development of information technology. To deliver management and engineering services, the organization is adopting advanced technology. It has used various sources for effective flow of information. By the use of technology, it has secured the confidential information of businesses from other sectors. SWOT Analysis From above external and internal analysis, it can be concluded that Aurecon Singapore has various strengths and opportunities, which can assist the organization to overcome possible threats and weaknesses. These components of SWOT analysis are described below; Strengths As per the above analysis, it can be stated that stated that major strengths of Aurecon Singapore are that organization has positive environment in the country to operate its business. It has access to the highly skilled and qualified engineers and other professional, as it has connected with employment and recruitment agencies. The organization is offering its services for community and environment planning and accommodating the environmental needs (Tremewan, 2016). It has various resources and capabilities, which are valuable for the organizations business and processes. Weaknesses Apart from above strengths, there are some weaknesses of Aurecon Company such as; organization is facing intense competition in consulting industry. The company has a lower brand presence in comparison to its competitors. There are so many resources and capabilities of the organization, which can be imitated by other players. Business model of company is easily imitable that can affect the brand image of company adversely. In addition to this, the organization needs to make changes in its policies with the amendments in country laws and regulations. Opportunities As mentioned above in the external analysis, Aurecon Organization has better business opportunities in the country. The political and economic environment of country is stable, so it may have various opportunities in Singapore. Additionally, the organization can expand its business in international countries. It can diversify its services in other fields along with consultancy services. Moreover, Aurecon can partner or acquire small consultancy agencies to develop its resources and exposure in this country. By doing this, the company will be able to increase its client base and market share (Wheelen, Hunger, Hoffman, and Bamford, 2016). Threats One of the major threats to Aurecon is intense competition in Singapore Consulting industry. Industry has various players, which are well-established in the country. The company has to follow strict laws and regulations to operate this business. It has to complete all the formalities related to permits and documentation. Furthermore, there are some threats in Singapore, which are related to infrastructural facilities. Volatile environment is also a major threat for this organization (Zott, Amit, and Massa, 2012). Conclusion Thus, the above analysis concludes that Aurecon Company has moderate condition in Singapore. There are various factors, which are profitable for the organization. In the report, the external and internal analysis is included using different framework. These analyses conclude that there are some weaknesses and threats of Aurecon, which can be overcome by using its strengths and opportunities. The external environment of Singapore is profitable for this company as it has a strong politics and economy. From the internal environment analysis, it can be evaluated that Aurecon Singapore possesses different resources and capabilities, which are required to operate business successfully. The company should focus on developing its human resources, so that they can deliver the services effectively and increase its profits and revenues. References Aurecon, 2018, Aurecon A global engineering and infrastructure advisory company, Retrieved from https://www.aurecongroup.com/. (Accesses on 17 February 2018). Aurecon, 2018, Aurecon Projects in Singapore, Retrieved from https://www.aurecongroup.com/projects/by-location/singapore. (Accesses on 17 February 2018) Barney, J.B., 2014.Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. Pearson higher ed. Codreanu, A., 2016, A Vuca Action Framework For A Vuca Environment. Leadership Challenges And Solutions, Journal of Defense Resource Management, 7 (2), 13. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Ho, J.K.K., 2014. Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis.European academic research,2(5), pp.6478-6492. Kotlar, P. Armstrong, G., 2012, Principles of Marketing (14 edition). Pearson Education, Inc. Kotler, P., 2015.Framework for marketing management. India. Pearson Education. Lemoine, P.A., Hackett, P.T. and Richardson, M.D., 2017. Global Higher Education and VUCAVolatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity. InHandbook of Research on Administration, Policy, and Leadership in Higher Education(pp. 549-568). IGI Global. Lin, C. and Tsai, H.L., 2016. Achieving a firms competitive advantage through dynamic capability.Baltic Journal of Management,11(3), pp.260-285. Lpez-Gamero, M.D. and Molina-Azorn, J.F., 2016. Environmental management and firm competitiveness: the joint analysis of external and internal elements.Long Range Planning,49(6), pp.746-763. Ministry of Trade and Industry, 2017, The Digital Economy in Singapore, Retrieved from https://www.mti.gov.sg/ResearchRoom/SiteAssets/Pages/Economic-Survey-of-Singapore-Third-Quarter-2017/BA_3Q17.pdf. (Accesses on 17 February 2018) Mudambi, R. and Puck, J., 2016. A global value chain analysis of the regional strategyperspective.Journal of Management Studies,53(6), pp.1076-1093. PRNewswire, 2017, Construction in Singapore, Key Trends and Opportunities to 2021, Retrieved from https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/construction-in-singapore-key-trends-and-opportunities-to-2021-300401644.html. (Accesses on 17 February 2018) Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Saleh, A. and Watson, R., 2017. Business excellence in a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment (BEVUCA).The TQM Journal,29(5), pp.705-724. Too, E. and Bird, S., 2018. Knowledge Transfer Between RD Projects and Commercial Projects: A Conceptual Framework. InProceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate(pp. 969-979). Springer, Singapore. Tremewan, C., 2016.The political economy of social control in Singapore. Springer. Wheelen, T.L., Hunger, J.D., Hoffman, A.N. and Bamford, C.E., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. Pearson. Zott, C., Amit, R. and Massa, L., 2011. The business model: recent developments and future research.Journal of management,37(4), pp.1019-1042.